Osteoarthritis is an inflammation disease leading to the structural or functional failure of one or more joints. Osteoarthritis is also known as degenerative arthritis. It can occur in any joint, but usually it affects hands, knees, hips or spine. Over time, the joint may lose its normal shape.

Most cases of osteoarthritis have no known cause and are referred to as primary osteoarthritis. Up to 60% of osteoarthritis cases are thought to result from genetic factors. People with diabetes may be prone to osteoarthritis. Diseases causing metabolism disorders may cause osteoarthritis. Other factors that may cause osteoarthritis include: being overweight, getting older, joint injury.

The main symptom of osteoarthritis is chronic pain, causing loss of mobility and often stiffness. Bone enlargements in the fingertips (first joint) are common. The bony deformity is a result of the bone spurs from the osteoarthritis in that joint. Osteoarthritis of the spine causes pain in the neck or low back.

Diagnosis is made using X-rays of the affected joints that can suggest osteoarthritis. X -rays can show narrowing of the space between the joint. Other techniques, such as MRI (magnetic resonance imaging), arthrocentesis and arthroscopy can be used to confirm the diagnosis.

The goal of the osteoarthritis treatment includes improving joint function and controlling pain. Weight control, appropriate exercise, and the use of mechanical support devices are usually beneficial to people who suffer from this disease. Patients with very painful osteoarthritis may require surgery. Arthroplasty is the repair of a joint in which the joint surfaces are replaced with artificial materials, usually metal or plastic. Osteotomy is a bone removal procedure that can help realign some of the deformity in selected patients. Arthrodesis is a surgical fusion of the bony ends of a joint preventing joint movement. The procedure is performed to help block further pain.

Also read