Lung volume reduction surgery is a palliative treatment that aims to remove the least functional part of the lungs in order to improve airflow, diaphragm and chest wall mechanics and alveolar gas exchange in the remaining portion of the lung.

This surgery sometimes is done for people who have severe chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) with severe emphysema, but it is not recommended for widespread use. The best candidates for LVRS are patients who suffer from upper-lobe emphysema and low exercise capacity.

Damaged portions of the lung with emphysema cannot be repaired. Once destroyed, the air sacs do not grow back. However, the less damaged parts of the lung can be helped to work better by removing the badly damaged areas.

Impaired lung function is measured by spirometry. Patients must quit smoking before being considered for LVRS.

The surgeon removes about 20 to 30 percent of each lung. The surgery itself can be open chest (median sternotomy, like heart surgery) or less invasive (video assisted thoracic surgery). Surgeons use a variety of methods and materials (like lasers, staples and fabric) to remove the upper lobes and to seal the remaining lung tissue.

For some people, pulmonary rehabilitation may provide the same benefits as surgery with less cost and without the risks of surgery.

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