Non-Hodgkin's lymphoma is a cancer with lymphatic system origin. Many different types of non-Hodgkin lymphoma have been described. Non-Hodgkin lymphomas can occur at any age. The cause of non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL) is still unknown.
The most common sign of Non-Hodgkin's lymphoma is a painless swelling in one or more of the lymph nodes of the neck, collarbone region, armpits, or groin. More general symptoms may include: fever, weight loss, loss of appetite, fatigue and severely itchy skin.
The only way to get a definite diagnosis is to make a biopsy of the suspicious lymph node. Lymph node is removed (it is a minor surgery) and after that examined under a microscope. X-ray or CT scan of the body may detect the presence and size of tumor. PET-CT scanning is also useful to detect non-Hodgkin's lymphomas. According to a number of affected lymph nodes and their spread, doctor stages the disease. The earlier the diagnosis is made, the greater the chance for a successful treatment.
Factors that affect the preferred choice of treatment include: lymphoma type and stage, patient’s age and general health. Treatment plans for children vary according to their age, physical development, and sexual maturity of the individual child.
Over 75% of newly diagnosed patients are cured by the latest methods of chemotherapy and radiation therapy, and the survival statistics for Non-Hodgkin's lymphoma patients have improved greatly.
Non-Hodgkin lymphomas are treated by combinations of chemotherapy, monoclonal antibodies, immunotherapy, radiation, and hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. For some lymphomas that arise in organs outside of the lymph nodes (extranodal) such as the thyroid or stomach, surgical resection of the tumor may be considered.